Renal (Kidney) Transplantation

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History

The first successful kidney transplantations were done in 1954 in and. The transplantation was done between, to eliminate any problems of an reaction. Kidney transplants were slow to catch on, for example the first kidney transplant in the did not occur until 1960 when performed one between identical twins in. Until the routine use of medications to prevent and treat acute rejection, introduced in 1964, deceased donor transplantation was not performed. The kidney was the easiest organ to transplant, tissue-typing was simple, the organ was relatively easy to remove and implant, live donors could be used without difficulty, and in the event of failure, was available from the 1940s. was essential to the success, early attempts in the 1950s on sufferers from had been very unsuccessful. The transplantation was done by, who received the in 1990. The donor is still alive as of 2005; the recipient died eight years after the transplantation.

Indications

The indication for kidney transplantation is , regardless of the primary cause. Common diseases leading to ESRD include and; genetic causes include. The majority of renal transplant recipients are on at the time of transplantation. However, individuals with chronic renal failure who have a living donor available often elect to undergo transplantation before dialysis is needed.

Contraindications

There is little data on transplant recipients over age 80, and many centers will not transplant such patients. However this will likely change soon. Recent cancer, active substance abuse, or failure to adhere to prescribed medical regimens may make someone ineligible for a transplant.

Sources of Kidneys

About half of kidney transplants are from living donors. Since medication to prevent rejection is so effective, donors do not need to be genetically similar to their recipient. The other half are from deceased donors. [citation needed]

Kidney transplant requirements

Kidney transplant requirements vary from program to program and country to country. Many programs place limits on age (e.g. the person must be less than 69 years old when put on the waiting list) and require that one must be in good health (aside from the kidney disease).
Significant, incurable terminal infectious diseases (e.g.) and often are transplant exclusion criteria. In addition, candidates are typically screened to determine if they will be compliant with their medications, which is essential for survival of the transplant. People with mental illness and/or significant on-going issues may be excluded.

Introduction:

If you have advanced and permanent kidney failure, kidney transplantation may be the treatment option that allow you to live much like you lived before your kidney failed. Since the 1950s when the first kidney transplants were performed.

Kidney Transplantation

Kidney transplantation is a procedure that places a healthy kidney from another person into your body. This one new kidney takes over the work of your two failed kidneys.

Your blood flow through the new kidney, which makes Urine, Just like your own kidneys did when they were healthy.

Indication Of Surgery

The main indication for a kidney transplant is kidney failure, regardless of the cause common cause include hypertension, infection, diabetes mellitus and glomerulonepuritis.

The Transplant Process

Your Doctors Recommendation

The transplantation process begins when you learn that your kidneys are failing and you must start to consider your treatment options whether transplantation is to be among your option will depend on your specific situation.

Medical Evaluation at Transplant Center

If you doctor sees transplantation as an option, the next-step is a through medical evaluation at a transplant hospital. You will need to have blood drawn and X-rays taken. You will be tested for blood type and other matching factor that determine whether your body will accept an available kidney.

It a family member of friend wants to donate a kidney, he or she will need to be evaluated for general health and to see whether the kidney is a good match.

Placement on The Waiting List

If the medical evaluation shows that you are a good candidate for a transplant but you don’t have a family member or friend who can donate a kidney, you will be put on the transplant program waiting list to receives a kidney from a deceased donor.

Waiting Period

How long you will have to wait depends on many things but is primarily determined by the degree of matching between you and the donor, suitability is initially based on two factors.

Blood Type

Your blood type (A, B, AB or O) must be compatible with the donor’s blood type.

HLA Factors

HLA stands for system for human leukocyte antigen an gentic marker located on the surface of your white blood cells. If you are selected on the basic of the first two factors, a third is evaluated.

Antibodies

Your immune system may produce antibodies that act specifically against something in the donor’s tissues.

Transplant Operation :

If you have a living donor you will schedule the operation in advance. You and your doctor will be operated on at the same time, usually in side-by-side rooms. One team of surgeons will perform the nephroectomy that is the removal of the kidney from the donor while another prepares the recipient for placement of the donated kidney.

You will be given a general anesthesia to make you sleep during the operations, which usually takes 3 or 4 hours. During surgery, the donor kidney will be placed in your abdomen, blood vessel from the donor kidney will be connected to arteries and veins in your body, and the ureter from the donor kidney will be connected to your bladder.

Blood is then able to flow through the new kidney, and the kidney will begin to filter and remove wasted and produce urine. Bur sometimes few weeks pass before it starts working.

Post Transplant Care

You will have to stay in the hospital for 7 to 10 days after you receive your new kidney. In some cases, it may take time for your new kidney to produce urine so you may have to receive dialysis and take medicine help your new kidney get rid of excess water and salt from your body.

About This Transplantation

Kidney transplant may be a better treatment for your than dialysis, because survival rates are better after transplant you will also be able to live a more normal life, because you want have to receive dialysis 3 times each week. Although a kidney transplant is an expensive procedure it may actually be less costly than long term dialysis treatment.